Reservation policies in Nepal were introduced to correct centuries of discrimination rooted in caste. But as time passes, the idea of reserving opportunities based on caste alone is under scrutiny. Many argue that it’s time to shift our focus from caste to class. Instead of linking privileges to ancestry, a Class-Based Reservation system would prioritize socioeconomic needs, offering support to those genuinely disadvantaged, regardless of their caste.
In this post, we’ll explore why a class-based approach might be the answer for Nepal, where resources reach those who need them most, leveling the playing field and fostering a fairer, more inclusive society.
Why Class-Based Reservation is More Effective Than Caste-Based Systems
For years, Nepal has implemented caste-based reservation systems in government positions and educational opportunities to uplift marginalised communities. However, critics argue that this approach has benefited many individuals from wealthier backgrounds within these marginalised groups rather than the economically disadvantaged. In contrast, Class-Based Reservation targets those truly in need, regardless of caste.
Reservation should focus on empowering those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. When assistance is provided based on class, it’s not about inherited status but about who needs it most right now. This shift can help create a society where individuals are uplifted for their financial need rather than their caste, better aligning with a vision of equal opportunity for all.
Class-Based Reservation: Bridging the Economic Gap in Nepal
Nepal has a rich social and cultural history shaped by the caste system, with each group historically assigned specific roles. Brahmins traditionally handled education and religious matters, while lower castes often performed labour-intensive work, limiting their access to education and upward mobility. While caste-based reservations helped address these inequities, **Class-Based Reservation** offers a more progressive approach that bridges economic gaps, addressing today’s needs.
Example of Inequities in Opportunity
Consider two children from different economic backgrounds. One child comes from a well-off family, receiving private education, access to technology, and various resources. The other child, born into a family struggling with poverty, may attend a government school with limited resources and must contribute to household income. Despite talent, the latter child faces greater obstacles to securing a quality education and job prospects. Class-Based Reservation aims to address this type of disparity directly.
The Evolution of Nepal’s Reservation Policy
Nepal began implementing social inclusion policies in 2007, with efforts to reserve 35% of government jobs for marginalised communities. However, due to administrative challenges, the policy wasn’t fully realised. It wasn’t until the 2006 Jana Andolan and the adoption of Nepal’s interim constitution that the Right to Social Justice provision allowed for marginalised communities including women, Dalits, and indigenous nationalities to have the right to participate in state bodies.
Historically, Nepal’s caste-based structure, influenced by texts like Manusmriti, classified people into roles by varna. While caste-based reservation tried to make up for these injustices, a class-based approach would align with the Right to Equality in Nepal’s constitution, which ensures fair treatment for all.
Class-Based Reservation as a Tool for True Empowerment
Class-Based Reservation is not about permanent dependency. Nepal’s Public Service Commission (PSC) intended for reservation quotas to be reviewed every ten years, but a revision hasn’t occurred in over 17 years. Because of this, those who need it most haven’t been able to access these reserved positions. Many beneficiaries are wealthier urban residents, which demonstrates how important a focus on income, not caste alone, is.
With Class-Based Reservation, we have a system that evolves as people’s needs evolve. With proper checks, the policy can ensure resources go to economically disadvantaged people who lack educational and career opportunities. Shifting to Class-Based Reservation empowers those who need it, rather than reinforcing outdated hierarchies based on ancestry.
The Way Forward: Creating a Fairer Nepal with Class-Based Reservation
An inclusive society is one that allows every citizen to thrive. As Nepal considers reviewing its reservation policies, focusing on class rather than caste will better address the root causes of disadvantage. A Class-Based Reservation system can uplift those in need, bring unity across diverse identities, and foster prosperity by reducing economic disparities.
Example of Class-Based Reservation’s Potential
Imagine a young woman from a rural area with limited access to education. With Class-Based Reservation, she could receive additional support in her educational journey, potentially becoming a doctor or a scientist. Such an approach uplifts communities while rewarding genuine need and hard work.
Class-Based Reservation is about building a stronger Nepal where prosperity is shared. By shifting to an income-based system, Nepal’s reservation policy can create lasting change for those who genuinely need it while honouring the principle of equality for all.
Here is a video that Consult Nepal has prepared to explain the concept of Class-Based Reservation and why it could be a more effective approach for ensuring fair opportunities for all.